Question 1: Select the correct statement regarding technology and innovation.
- Technology is the enabler of innovation.
- DVD technology and innovation allowed Blockbuster Video to succeed.
- It is more important to have innovative technology than it is to have an innovative business model.
- Technology alone is the driver of innovation.
Answer: Technology is the enabler of innovation.
Explanation: Technology enables innovation, but innovation itself comes from ideas, processes, and people, not just the technology.
Question 2: Select the statement that correctly describes DevOps.
- DevOps is the combining of the development team and the operations team into one team.
- DevOps is about teams using new tools such as automated pipelines for the fastest workflow possible.
- DevOps is primarily automation by DevOps Engineers.
- DevOps is a cultural change in which the development team and the operations team work together in cross-functional teams.
Answer: DevOps is a cultural change in which the development team and the operations team work together in cross-functional teams.
Explanation: DevOps focuses on collaboration between development and operations, breaking down silos to improve efficiency and productivity.
Question 3: DevOps has three dimensions. Which is considered the most important?
- Methods
- Tools
- Agility
- Culture
Answer: Culture
Explanation: The culture aspect of DevOps is the most important, as it encourages collaboration, communication, and shared responsibilities across teams.
Question 4: Select the statement that correctly describes Extreme Programming (XP).
- When one phase ends, the next one begins. There is no provision for going back.
- XP is an approach that values up-front planning with no provision for changing the requirements.
- XP is an iterative approach with tighter and tighter feedback loops.
- Teams work in silos.
Answer: XP is an iterative approach with tighter and tighter feedback loops.
Explanation: Extreme Programming (XP) emphasizes rapid iterations, continuous feedback, and improvement.
Question 5: What is the title of the book written by Jez Humble and David Farley that sets out the principles and technical practices for rapid, incremental delivery of products?
- The Goal
- Continuous Delivery
- The DevOps Handbook
- The Phoenix Project
Answer: Continuous Delivery
Explanation: Continuous Delivery by Jez Humble and David Farley outlines how to automate and improve software delivery for rapid, incremental product releases.
Question 6: What is behavior-driven development (BDD)?
- Writing unit tests for the code you wish you had
- Focusing on the system as observed from the outside
- Focusing on the functions of the system from the inside
- When test cases drive the design and development of code
Answer: Focusing on the system as observed from the outside
Explanation: BDD emphasizes collaboration between developers, testers, and non-technical stakeholders to define expected system behavior from a user perspective.
Question 7: Select the correct statement regarding cloud-native microservices.
- Multiple instances are split out.
- Each function has its own database and keeps track of its own state.
- Applications are designed as a collection of stateless microservices.
- All of the above.
Answer: All of the above.
Explanation: Cloud-native microservices typically involve stateless services, with each having its own database and being deployed in multiple instances for scalability.
Question 8: Select the statement that correctly describes the bulkhead pattern.
- This pattern deliberately kills services for testing.
- This pattern isolates failing services to limit the scope of failure.
- This pattern enables an application to handle transient failures by delaying longer between each retry.
- This pattern trips once failures reach a certain limit or threshold. It detects a problem and avoids cascading failures.
Answer: This pattern isolates failing services to limit the scope of failure.
Explanation: The bulkhead pattern isolates failures to prevent them from affecting other parts of the system, similar to how bulkheads in ships prevent water from flooding the entire vessel.
Question 9: Select the correct statement regarding Taylorism.
- Taylorism is workers building individually crafted products.
- Taylorism is applying science to management and it led to the factory assembly line.
- Taylorism is working in teams that make their own decisions.
- All of the above.
Answer: Taylorism is applying science to management and it led to the factory assembly line.
Explanation: Taylorism is based on scientific management principles, emphasizing efficiency, specialization, and control over workers’ tasks.
Question 10: Which statement correctly describes required DevOps behaviors?
- DevOps encourages building bespoke infrastructure and maintaining it.
- DevOps encourages avoiding change and experimentation.
- DevOps encourages breaking down silos and working together.
- DevOps encourages using ticket queues and escalations.
Answer: DevOps encourages breaking down silos and working together.
Explanation: DevOps aims to promote collaboration between teams, breaking down traditional silos to improve overall workflow and productivity.
Question 11: Which one of the following is a key element in Infrastructure as Code?
- Describing infrastructure in executable, textual format
- Comprehensive written documentation
- Building and maintaining unique servers
- System and software manual configuration
Answer: Describing infrastructure in executable, textual format
Explanation: Infrastructure as Code (IaC) involves managing and provisioning infrastructure using code, which can be executed and automated.
Question 12: What is Continuous Integration?
- Integrating code in larger and larger amounts
- Deploying code to a testing or staging environment
- The process of continuous building, testing, and integrating into the master branch
- Deploying code to a production-like environment
Answer: The process of continuous building, testing, and integrating into the master branch
Explanation: Continuous Integration (CI) focuses on frequently integrating code into a shared repository and running automated tests to detect errors early.
Question 13: Select the statement that describes Continuous Delivery.
- Build code so it can be deployed to production at any time.
- Integrate code to a shared repository.
- Deploy code to a testing or staging environment.
- Use automation to deploy directly to production.
Answer: Build code so it can be deployed to production at any time.
Explanation: Continuous Delivery ensures that the code is always ready for production deployment, reducing the time to release new features or fixes.
Question 14: It is good practice to align teams with _____.
- the architecture you expect them to build
- the organization’s long-term mission
- the organization’s business domains
- All of the above
Answer: All of the above
Explanation: Aligning teams with business domains, architecture, and the long-term mission ensures that teams are focused on delivering value that aligns with organizational goals.
Question 15: Select the correct statement regarding DevOps.
- DevOps is a separate team that sits between Dev and Ops.
- DevOps is Dev and Ops working together with the same mindset.
- DevOps is Dev and Ops with a wall of confusion between them.
- DevOps is done primarily by Ops.
Answer: DevOps is Dev and Ops working together with the same mindset.
Explanation: DevOps focuses on fostering collaboration between development and operations teams to improve the overall software delivery lifecycle.
Question 16: Actions without consequences lead to _____.
- empowerment
- shared consciousness
- apathy
- good behavior
Answer: apathy
Explanation: Actions without consequences often lead to a lack of motivation and accountability, which results in apathy.
Question 17: Which one of these is an effective metric for measuring social coders?
- Are you building things that the rest of the company finds valuable?
- What unique contributions have you made this year?
- How many lines of code do you develop in a day?
- How does your production compare to that of your coworkers?
Answer: Are you building things that the rest of the company finds valuable?
Explanation: The value of a social coder is measured by the impact and usefulness of their contributions to the team and company.
Question 18: Which one of these is an example of a vanity metric?
- Increased number of page views on a website
- Reduced time to market for new features
- Reduced time to deploy a release
- Increased percentage of defects detected in testing
Answer: Increased number of page views on a website
Explanation: Vanity metrics may look good but do not necessarily indicate meaningful progress or success.
Question 19: Which of these is an actionable metric?
- Mean lead time, or how long it takes for an idea to get to production
- Change failure rate, or how often new releases fail
- Mean time to recover, or how long it takes to recover from failure
- All of the above
Answer: All of the above
Explanation: These metrics provide actionable insights to improve performance and efficiency in the software development process.
Question 20: Who was a leader in developing measures for team culture in relation to DevOps?
- Patrick Debois
- Dr. Nicole Forsgren
- John Allspaw
- Jez Humble
Answer: Dr. Nicole Forsgren
Explanation: Dr. Nicole Forsgren, co-author of Accelerate, is known for her research on the measures of team culture and performance in DevOps.