Module 4 challenge: Networking Services:The Bits and Bytes of Computer Networking (Technical Support Fundamentals) Answers 2025

Question 1

At the very lowest level, what data does a computer understand?

A. Binary numbers ✅
B. IP (Internet Protocol) addresses
C. Hexadecimal digits
D. Media Access Control (MAC) addresses

Explanation:
Computers only understand binary numbers (0s and 1s). All other formats like IP, hexadecimal, or MAC addresses are human-readable representations that get converted into binary for processing.

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Question 2

Which type of Domain Name System (DNS) server performs a full name resolution request?

A. Recursive name server ✅
B. Authoritative name server
C. Caching name server
D. Root name server

Explanation:
A recursive name server performs a complete lookup from start to finish—contacting other DNS servers if necessary—until it finds the final IP address.

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Question 3

What is the biggest difference between TCP and UDP?

A. More traffic can be transmitted using UDP. ✅
B. UDP is connectionless ✅
C. TCP is connectionless.
D. TCP requires less overhead for DNS.

Explanation:
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is connectionless, meaning it doesn’t establish or maintain a connection before sending data, allowing faster transmission but without reliability. TCP, on the other hand, ensures reliable, ordered delivery.

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Question 4

Fill in the blank: A DNS record that’s used to redirect traffic from one domain name to another is known as a _______ record.

A. CNAME ✅
B. NS
C. QUAD A
D. SQA

Explanation:
A CNAME (Canonical Name) record maps one domain name (alias) to another, redirecting traffic accordingly (e.g., blog.example.com → example.com).

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Question 5

Which portion of a domain is known as the ‘www” portion?

A. The Top Level Domain (TLD) name
B. The DNS Resolver
C. The subdomain ✅
D. The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

Explanation:
In a domain like www.google.com, the “www” is the subdomain, which helps organize and separate services within a domain.

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Question 6

Which of the following requires a manually specified list of MAC addresses and corresponding IPs?

A. Fixed allocation ✅
B. Subnet mask
C. FQDN
D. Automatic allocation

Explanation:
In fixed allocation, each device’s MAC address is manually linked to a specific IP address. This is typically used for servers or network devices needing permanent IPs.

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Question 7

Network Address Translation (NAT) is typically implemented with which of these hardware devices?

A. Servers
B. Routers ✅
C. Switches
D. Hubs

Explanation:
NAT is performed by routers, which translate private internal IP addresses to a single public IP for external communication.

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Question 8

What NAT technique allows for complete IP masquerading, while still having services that can respond to incoming traffic?

A. Port forwarding ✅
B. Rewriting
C. One-to-many
D. Preservation

Explanation:
Port forwarding allows a NAT device to forward external requests to a specific internal device, enabling internal servers to handle external traffic.

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Question 9

Fill in the blank: Most VPNs work by using the payload section of the _____ layer to carry an encrypted payload that contains an entire second set of packets.

A. network ✅
B. presentation
C. transport
D. application

Explanation:
Most VPNs operate at the network layer (Layer 3), encapsulating original packets within encrypted packets to securely transmit over the internet.

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Question 10

What service acts on behalf of a client in order to access another service?

A. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
B. Domain Name Systems (DNS)
C. A proxy server ✅
D. A Virtual Private Network (VPN)

Explanation:
A proxy server acts as an intermediary between clients and servers, forwarding requests and responses while optionally providing filtering, caching, or anonymity.

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