Module 2 challenge:Prepare Data for Exploration (Google Data Analytics Professional Certificate) Answers 2025

Question 1

Freedom from inappropriate use of your data is an element of which aspect of data ethics?

✅ Privacy
❌ Currency
❌ Transaction transparency
❌ Consent

Explanation:
Privacy ensures individuals’ data is protected from unauthorized or inappropriate use, maintaining confidentiality and trust.

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Question 2

A dataset was created by a reputable university but collected 15 years ago. Which aspect of good data is missing?

✅ Current
❌ Reliable
❌ Original
❌ Cited

Explanation:
Data collected 15 years ago is outdated, meaning it lacks currency (up-to-date relevance).

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Question 3

Which techniques can anonymize data?

✅ Masking
✅ Hashing
✅ Blanking
❌ Sorting

Explanation:

• Masking: hides or replaces identifiers (e.g., “John Doe” → “XXXXX”)

• Hashing: converts identifiers into encoded strings

• Blanking: removes data entirely

• Sorting does not anonymize data.

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Question 4

An investor favors tech startups due to their past experience — what bias is this?

✅ Confirmation bias
❌ Observer
❌ Interpretation
❌ Sampling

Explanation:
Confirmation bias occurs when someone interprets or prefers data that aligns with their existing beliefs or experiences.

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Question 5

Before completing a survey, a respondent learns how their data will be used. What concept is this?

✅ Consent
❌ Privacy
❌ Credibility
❌ Anonymization

Explanation:
Consent means participants understand and agree to how their data will be collected, used, and stored.

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Question 6

A survey includes only student-athletes with scholarships — what bias is this?

✅ Sampling bias
❌ Interpretation
❌ Confirmation
❌ Observer

Explanation:
Sampling bias occurs when the selected sample does not represent the whole population (in this case, non-scholarship athletes excluded).

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Question 7

Transaction transparency means an individual can understand all _____ and algorithms used on their data.

✅ data-processing activities
❌ free access
❌ financial transactions
❌ raw data

Explanation:
Transaction transparency ensures people know how their data is collected, analyzed, and used — including algorithms involved.

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Question 8

A government agency allows everyone to reuse or redistribute data. What type of data is this?

✅ Open data
❌ Free
❌ Allowable
❌ Closed

Explanation:
Open data is freely available for anyone to access, use, and share — promoting transparency and innovation.

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Question 9

A website visitor asks how data will be used and stored. Which aspect of ethics is this?

✅ Transaction transparency
❌ Consent
❌ Privacy
❌ Currency

Explanation:
This reflects transaction transparency — the right to know how data is processed, not just that it’s being collected.

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Question 10

Which type of data should always be anonymized before analysis?

✅ Social security numbers and medical records
❌ Website data without usernames
❌ Customer purchase history
❌ Hair color and age

Explanation:
Personally identifiable information (PII) like SSNs or medical records must always be anonymized for privacy and compliance reasons.

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🧾 Summary Table

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