1. Question 1

Each Cloud Region can have multiple Availability Zones. What are Zones?

✅ Unique physical locations with one or more data centers
❌ Single shared point of failure
❌ Geographic area or region where infrastructure is clustered
❌ Standardized containers of computing resources

Explanation:
An Availability Zone = a physically separate datacenter (or group of datacenters) within a region.

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2. Question 2

Which of the following is a benefit of virtualization?

✅ Cost savings
❌ Increases your downtime
❌ Runs a single OS
❌ Is secure

Explanation:
Virtualization improves cost efficiency by maximizing hardware utilization.

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3. Question 3

Which VM type guarantees resources for future deployments?

✅ Reserved virtual servers
❌ Spot VMs
❌ Dedicated hosts
❌ Shared/Public VMs

Explanation:
Reserved instances reserve capacity ahead of time at lower cost.

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4. Question 4

Feature of bare metal servers:

❌ Low cost
❌ Multiple tenants
❌ Rapidly provisioned
✅ High performance and secure

Explanation:
Bare metal = high-performance dedicated hardware with no virtualization layer.

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5. Question 5

What provides security at the virtual instance level within subnets?

❌ VPC
❌ Load Balancers
❌ Public Gateways
✅ Security Groups (SGs)

Explanation:
Security Groups apply firewall rules directly to individual VM instances.

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6. Question 6

Benefit of container isolation:

❌ Open-source runtime engine
❌ Abstraction from OS
❌ Repackaging into containers
✅ Prevents malicious code in one container from impacting others

Explanation:
Isolation ensures security boundaries between workloads.

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7. Question 7

Which storage type is ephemeral / non-persistent?

❌ File storage
❌ Block storage
✅ Direct Attached Storage (DAS)
❌ Object storage

Explanation:
DAS on VMs is temporary — data is lost when the instance stops or restarts.

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8. Question 8

Why is File Storage ideal for shared storage?

✅ File storage can be mounted on multiple compute nodes at the same time
❌ Mounted via ethernet (not the key reason)
❌ Mounted from remote appliances
❌ Fast accessibility

Explanation:
The defining feature is simultaneous multi-node mounting.

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9. Question 9

Best use case for Block Storage:

✅ Apps needing consistent fast disk access (databases)
❌ Disk sharing
❌ Low cost scenarios
❌ Workloads not requiring fast storage

Explanation:
Block storage provides low-latency, high-performance disk operations.

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10. Question 10

Feature of Object Storage:

❌ Fiber-attached storage
✅ Used directly without attaching to compute nodes
❌ Fast read/write required
❌ Mountable on multiple compute nodes

Explanation:
Object storage is accessed via API/HTTP, not via disk mounts.

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🧾 Summary Table

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