1. Question 1

Correct string pattern to find last names starting with J:

• ❌ J*

• ❌ J$

• ✅ J%

• ❌ J#

Explanation:

In SQL, the wildcard for matching any number of characters is %.

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2. Question 2

Correct way to sort result set in descending order:

• ❌ SELECT ID …

• ✅ SELECT * FROM TABLE_NAME ORDER BY ID DESC

• ❌ ORDER BY ID

• ❌ ORDER BY ID

Explanation:

ORDER BY <column> DESC sorts descending.
The second option is the only fully correct SQL statement.

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3. Question 3

Role of HAVING clause:

• ❌ May not organize result

• ✅ Restricts the result set for queries using GROUP BY

• ❌ Acts as alternative to WHERE

• ❌ Checks condition

Explanation:

HAVING filters after GROUP BY, whereas WHERE filters before grouping.

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4. Question 4

Meaning of:

• ❌ Top 5 emp_names only

• ✅ Retrieves all columns of the top 5 rows, sorted alphabetically by emp_name

• ❌ Reverse order

• ❌ Entire table

Explanation:

ORDER BY emp_name sorts alphabetically → LIMIT 5 shows first 5 rows.

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5. Question 5

Correct SQL to list number of customers in each country where count > 5:

• ❌ COUNT(Customers)

• ✅ SELECT COUNT(CustomerID), Country FROM Customers GROUP BY Country HAVING COUNT(CustomerID) > 5;

• ❌ < 5

• ❌ HAVING CustomerID > 5

Explanation:

HAVING COUNT(CustomerID) > 5 filters countries with more than 5 customers.

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🧾 Summary Table

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