1. Main benefit of incremental backup

❌ Faster restoration
❌ Better compression
❌ More comprehensive
✅ It only backs up changed data since the last backup.

Explanation:
Incremental backups save time & space by backing up only modified data.

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2. Human error causes data breaches

✅ True
❌ False

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3. Malware that can spread automatically

❌ Rootkits
❌ Trojans
❌ Ransomware
✅ Worms
✅ Viruses

Explanation:
Viruses & worms self-replicate; Trojans & rootkits do not.

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4. Stuxnet groundbreaking attack

✅ True
❌ False

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5. Techniques used in ransomware attacks

❌ Physical theft
❌ DDoS
✅ Exploiting vulnerabilities
✅ Phishing with malicious attachments

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6. Malware that changes size & code but not encrypted

❌ Ransomware
❌ Fileless
❌ Polymorphic
✅ Metamorphic malware

Explanation:
Metamorphic malware rewrites its own code; polymorphic encrypts/decrypts it.

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7. Best data recovery options when a file is deleted

❌ Recreate file
✅ Consult recovery service
✅ Check cloud/USB backup
✅ Stop using PC + recovery software

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8. Strategies to keep personal data secure

✅ Update OS/software
❌ Install multiple antivirus
✅ Regular backups
❌ Use guessable passwords

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9. Heuristic analysis more important than behavioral analysis

❌ True
✅ False

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10. Asymmetric encryption for large data

❌ True
✅ False

Explanation:
Large data uses symmetric encryption (faster).

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11. Encryption protocol for email

❌ PGP
✅ S/MIME
❌ SSH
❌ SSL

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12. Hashing verifies integrity

✅ True
❌ False

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13. Secure remote access using SSL/TLS

❌ Firewalls/antivirus
❌ Change passwords
✅ Use SSL/TLS certificates
❌ Encrypted email only

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14. Centralized authentication complicates management

❌ True
✅ False

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15. Kerberos uses __________ cryptography

✔ secret-key cryptography
(secret-key = symmetric)

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16. Protocol used for AAA

❌ SNMP
❌ FTP
✅ RADIUS
❌ IMAP

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17. Silent listening = transmission threat

✅ True
❌ False

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18. Is a DDoS outage an APT?

❌ True
✅ False

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19. IoT threat scenario

❌ Smart thermostat
❌ Fridge auto-order
❌ Voice assistant
✅ Unauthorized access to smart cameras

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20. Which are endpoints?

✅ PCs/Laptops
❌ Switches/Routers
✅ Mobile devices
❌ Cloud servers

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21. IDPS cannot prevent attacks

❌ True
✅ False

Explanation:
IDPS can detect and block threats.

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22. Security fixes should be installed ASAP

✅ True
❌ False

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23. Compliance protects ______

❌ Reputation
❌ Software
❌ Buildings
✅ Sensitive data

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24. Final step in risk management

❌ Mitigate
❌ Identify
✅ Monitor and review
❌ Quantify

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25. GDPR law that stops processing

❌ Right to be forgotten
✅ Right to restrict processing
❌ Right to object
❌ Right to rectify

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26. GDPR cookie requirement

❌ Info only
❌ Customize only
✅ Explicit consent + option to reject
❌ Accept only

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27. PCI-DSS secures:

✅ Financial transactions
❌ Personal ID
❌ Social media
❌ Emails

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28. Identity is like a digital ______

❌ email
❌ avatar
✅ fingerprint
❌ stamp

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29. SSO impact on admin costs

❌ No impact
❌ Increases costs
✅ Reduces costs by lowering password-related issues
❌ Increases help desk workload

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30. OUs help ________ resources

❌ dissolve
❌ limit
❌ increase
✅ organize

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🧾 SUMMARY TABLE

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