1. Question 1 (Select TWO)

Which data formats improve query performance and reduce analytics cost?

• ❌ CSV

• ❌ JSON

• ✅ Apache Parquet

• ✅ Apache ORC

• ❌ XML

Explanation:
Parquet and ORC are columnar, compressed, optimized file formats.
They:

• reduce storage costs

• scan only needed columns → faster queries

• work efficiently with Athena, EMR, Redshift Spectrum, Glue

CSV, JSON, XML are row-based, uncompressed, and more expensive to query.

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2. Question 2

Best tool for cleansing/normalizing data without coding

• ❌ AWS Glue Data Catalog

• ✅ AWS Glue DataBrew

• ❌ Amazon Athena

• ❌ AWS Glue ETL (requires coding in PySpark)

Explanation:
AWS Glue DataBrew is a no-code, visual data preparation tool for cleaning, normalizing, and transforming large datasets.

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🧾 Summary Table

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