1. Question 1

Four main factors when choosing an AWS Region:

• ✅ Latency, price, service availability, and compliance

• ❌ Latency, high availability, taxes, compliance

• ❌ Latency, taxes, speed, compliance

• ❌ Latency, security, high availability, resiliency

Explanation:
AWS recommends evaluating: latency, cost, available services, and compliance/regulatory requirements.

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2. Question 2

Relationship between Regions, AZs, and data centers:

• ❌ AZs are clusters of Regions

• ❌ Data centers are clusters of AZs

• ✅ Regions are clusters of AZs. AZs are clusters of data centers.

• ❌ Data centers are clusters of Regions

Explanation:
A Region → multiple AZs → each AZ contains one or more data centers.

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3. Question 3

What can be found in an IAM policy?

• ❌ Effect alone

• ❌ Action alone

• ❌ Object

• ✅ A and B (Effect + Action)

• ❌ B and C

Explanation:
IAM policies include: Effect, Action, Resource, and optional Condition.

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4. Question 4

Single corporate login → use AWS without signing in again:

• ❌ Root user

• ❌ IAM user

• ✅ IAM Role

• ❌ IAM Group

Explanation:
IAM roles support federation, enabling single sign-on (SSO) from corporate identity providers.

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5. Question 5

Allow public subnet resources to access the internet:

• ❌ Create route to private subnet

• ❌ Attach IGW ONLY

• ❌ Create route ONLY

• ❌ A and B

• ✅ B and C (Attach IGW + Route to IGW)

Explanation:
To reach the internet: VPC must have an Internet Gateway AND the route table must point to it.

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6. Question 6

What does an EC2 instance type indicate?

• ✅ Instance family and instance size

• ❌ Placement and size

• ❌ Tenancy and billing

• ❌ AMI and network speed

Explanation:
EC2 instance types define compute family (e.g., t3, m5) and size (small, medium, large).

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7. Question 7

Typical use case for S3:

• ✅ Object storage for media hosting

• ❌ Boot drive

• ❌ Block storage

• ❌ File storage

Explanation:
S3 is an object storage service commonly used for media, backups, and static content.

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8. Question 8

7 years of rarely accessed healthcare data → best tier:

• ❌ S3 Standard

• ✅ S3 Glacier Deep Archive

• ❌ S3 Standard-IA

• ❌ S3 Intelligent-Tiering

Explanation:
Glacier Deep Archive is the lowest-cost tier for long-term, rarely accessed data.

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9. Question 9

What are users responsible for in Amazon RDS?

• ✅ Optimizing the database

• ❌ Managing infrastructure

• ❌ Installing DB engine

• ❌ OS patching

Explanation:
AWS handles infrastructure & patching; customers optimize schema, queries, indexes, etc.

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10. Question 10

Multi-AZ increases database availability — true or false?

• ✅ True

• ❌ False

Explanation:
Multi-AZ creates a synchronous standby replica in a different AZ for failover.

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11. Question 11

Three components of EC2 Auto Scaling:

• ❌ Policies, security group, ASG

• ✅ Launch template, scaling policies, Auto Scaling group

• ❌ Security group, instance type, key pair

• ❌ AMI ID, instance type, storage

Explanation:
Auto Scaling needs a launch template, scaling policies, and the Auto Scaling group.

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12. Question 12

Choose target group based on URL path:

• ❌ Classic Load Balancer

• ✅ Application Load Balancer

• ❌ Network Load Balancer

• ❌ Gateway Load Balancer

Explanation:
ALB supports path-based routing, host-based routing, and advanced HTTP rules.

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🧾 Summary Table

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