Variation :Introduction to Psychology (Introduction to Psychology) Answers 2026

Question 1

When assessing measures of personality, it is important to consider which two factors:

✅ a. reliability and validity
❌ b. reliability and flow
❌ c. difficulty and expertise
❌ d. difficulty and reliability

Explanation:
A good personality measure must be consistent (reliable) and measure what it claims to measure (valid).

Question 2

Which of the following is true of the 5-factor model of personality?

❌ a. observers generally agree on people’s personalities
❌ b. it predicts people’s behavior
❌ c. it remains relatively stable across a lifetime
✅ d. all of the above
❌ e. (a) and (b) only

Explanation:
The Big Five traits show observer agreement, behavioral prediction, and long-term stability.

Question 3

According to Spearman’s two-factor theory of intelligence:

✅ a. The ‘g’ factor explains the similarities among sub-tests, while the ‘s’ factor explains the differences
❌ b. The ‘g’ factor explains the differences among sub-tests
❌ c. both explain similarities
❌ d. both explain differences

Question 4

High heritability within a group means group differences are genetic.

❌ a. true
✅ b. false

Explanation:
Heritability within groups ≠ between-group differences.

Question 5

The Flynn effect tells us that:

❌ a. genetics drive intelligence changes
✅ b. environmental factors have a significant influence
❌ c. both

Explanation:
IQ gains across generations are too fast to be genetic → environmental causes.

Question 6

Shared environment contributes more than non-shared environment.

❌ a. true
✅ b. false

Explanation:
Research shows non-shared environments (unique experiences) matter more.

Question 7

Which is NOT a formal type of schizophrenia?

✅ a. dissociative
❌ b. catatonic
❌ c. disorganized
❌ d. paranoid

Question 8

Which is a negative symptom of schizophrenia?

❌ a. hallucinations
❌ b. delusions
❌ c. disorganized speech
✅ d. flat affect
❌ e. all of the above

Explanation:
Negative symptoms = absence or reduction of normal behaviors.

Question 9

Major Depressive Disorder must last at least:

❌ a. two hours
❌ b. two days
✅ c. two weeks
❌ d. two years

Question 10

Serotonin has been linked to depression.

✅ a. true
❌ b. false

Question 11

Which is NOT a DSM personality disorder?

❌ a. histrionic
❌ b. narcissistic
✅ c. anxious personality disorder
❌ d. borderline

Explanation:
DSM includes avoidant, not “anxious” personality disorder.

Question 12

Free association is used in:

❌ a. cognitive therapy
❌ b. behavioral therapy
❌ c. cognitive behavioral therapy
✅ d. psychodynamic therapy

🧾 Summary Table