Quiz 1 :Positive Psychology: Character, Grit and Research Methods (Foundations of Positive Psychology Specialization) Answers 2026

Question 1

Characteristics of an effective hypothesis (Select 3)

❌ Effective hypotheses are true
✅ Effective hypotheses are specific
✅ Effective hypotheses are testable
✅ Effective hypotheses are relevant

Explanation:
A good hypothesis does not have to be true in advance; it must be clear, testable, and meaningful.

Question 2

Independent variable in the hypothesis

Improvements in self-control can lead to increased performance.

✅ self-control
❌ performance
❌ improvements

Explanation:
The independent variable is what is manipulated or changed → self-control.

Question 3

Dependent variable in the hypothesis

❌ self-control
✅ performance
❌ improvements

Explanation:
The dependent variable is the outcome being measured → performance.

Question 4

NOT an example of internal validity

❌ Did the independent variable cause the effect?
✅ Could the results be generalized to other populations?
❌ Was there a third variable causing the effect?

Explanation:
Generalizability is about external validity, not internal validity.

Question 5

Example of external validity

✅ Could the results be generalized to other populations?
❌ Was there a third variable causing the effect?
❌ Did the independent variable cause the effect?

Explanation:
External validity concerns how broadly results apply.

Question 6

Meaning of operationalization

❌ Ability to follow a scientific process
❌ Last step in clinical studies
✅ Process of defining variables in measurable ways
❌ None of the above

Explanation:
Operationalization turns abstract concepts into measurable variables.

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