1. Which plot fits the data well?

Without your image, this standard question refers to typical model‐fit illustrations:

• (a) underfitting

• (b) good fit

• (c) overfitting (too wiggly)

• (d) wrong functional form

Correct Answer:

✅ Plot (b)
❌ Plot (a)
❌ Plot (c)
❌ Plot (d)

Explanation:
Plot (b) typically shows the model capturing the trend without overfitting or underfitting.

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2. Dependent & Independent variables in the migraine study

Correct Answer:

✅ Dependent = Pain Score, Independent = Experimental Group, Age, BMI, Gender, Race/Ethnicity
❌ all other options

Explanation:
The outcome being modeled is pain score. The predictors include treatment group and confounders (age, BMI, etc.).

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3. What needs to change when adding repeated measures?

Correct Answer:

✅ The correlation of the repeated measures needs to be taken into account, and time since administration needs to be added to the model as an independent variable.
❌ all others

Explanation:
Repeated measures violate independence; we need a mixed-effects or repeated-measures model and time must be added as a predictor.

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4. What else must the researcher say?

Correct Answer:

✅ Answers B and C
❌ A
❌ B alone
❌ C alone

Explanation:
A proper scientific claim must include:

• Predicted scores with uncertainty (B)

• Confidence interval for the estimated effect (C)

Both are needed.

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🧾 Summary Table

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