1️⃣ Question 1

SQL is what type of database management system?

• ❌ Object-oriented

• ❌ Hierarchical

• ✅ Relational

• ❌ Network

Explanation:
SQL stands for Structured Query Language and is used for relational databases.

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2️⃣ Question 2

Which of these is not a machine learning or deep learning Python library?

• ❌ Keras

• ✅ NumPy

• ❌ PyTorch

• ❌ Scikit-learn

Explanation:
NumPy is used for numerical computing, not ML/DL.
The others are ML/DL libraries.

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3️⃣ Question 3

Which type of model predicts a numerical value (e.g., car price)?

• ❌ Clustering model

• ✅ Regression model

• ❌ Classification model

Explanation:
Regression predicts continuous numeric values.

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4️⃣ Question 4

What is data governance?

• ❌ Deleting data

• ❌ Storing data

• ❌ Creating only access controls

• ✅ An implementation of data processes and controls

Explanation:
Governance ensures policies, quality, privacy, and lifecycle management of data.

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5️⃣ Question 5

Most used open-source tools for learning data science?

• ❌ RStudio

• ✅ Jupyter Notebooks / JupyterLab

• ❌ Spyder

• ❌ VSCode

• ❌ Notepad

Explanation:
Jupyter is the most widely used beginner-to-expert tool in DS.

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6️⃣ Question 6

How is R different from Python?

• ❌ Primary objective is deployment

• ✅ Built by statisticians for statistical analysis

• ❌ General-purpose language

Explanation:
R was created specifically for statistics and data analysis.

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7️⃣ Question 7

Storing data in tables is a function that RStudio provides.

• ✅ No

• ❌ Yes

Explanation:
RStudio is an IDE; it does not store data—databases do.

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8️⃣ Question 8

What type of file is a Jupyter Notebook?

• ❌ .ppt

• ❌ .doc

• ❌ .xlsx

• ✅ .ipynb

Explanation:
Jupyter Notebooks use .ipynb (IPython Notebook).

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9️⃣ Question 9

What is the purpose of ggplot library in R?

• ❌ Machine Learning

• ❌ All of the above

• ✅ Data Visualization

• ❌ String Manipulation

• ❌ Data Manipulation

Explanation:
ggplot2 is purely a visualization library.

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🔟 Question 10

Which option is a DevOps platform delivered as a single application?

• ✅ GitLab

• ❌ GitHub

• ❌ BitBucket

• ❌ Git

Explanation:
GitLab integrates CI/CD, repos, DevOps pipelines — all in one platform.

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1️⃣1️⃣ Question 11

Which is a lightweight tool built from JupyterLab components?

• ✅ JupyterLite

• ❌ VSCode

• ❌ All of the above

• ❌ GoogleColab

• ❌ Spider

Explanation:
JupyterLite is a browser-only, lightweight version of Jupyter.

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1️⃣2️⃣ Question 12

Which of the following is not a feature of Google Colab?

• ❌ Execute in browser

• ❌ Store on Google Drive

• ❌ Clone GitHub and run

• ✅ Upload and share with setup and installation

Explanation:
Colab requires no setup/installation; it runs entirely in the cloud.

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🧾 Summary Table