Module2 challenge: The Network Layer: The Bits and Bytes of Computer Networking (Technical Support Fundamentals) Answers 2025

Question 1

Which of the following is a valid IP address?

• ❌ 126.396.659.100

• ❌ A8:97:4F:6D:H6:0F

• ❌ 598.36.789

• ✅ 128.42.64.78

Explanation:
A valid IPv4 address has four octets (0–255) separated by dots.
✅ 128.42.64.78 fits this rule.

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Question 2

There are ____ octets in an IP address.

• ❌ 2

• ✅ 4

• ❌ 16

• ❌ 8

Explanation:
IPv4 addresses consist of 4 octets (8 bits each) = 32 bits total (e.g., 192.168.1.1).

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Question 3

What is the process of taking a single IP datagram and splitting it up into several smaller datagrams called?

• ❌ Load balancing

• ❌ NAT firewall

• ✅ Fragmentation

• ❌ Clustering

Explanation:
Fragmentation occurs when a large IP packet is split into smaller ones to fit the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) of a network.

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Question 4

In a Class A address, the possible values for the first octet are:

• ❌ 255 through 420

• ❌ 128 through 199

• ❌ 0 through 255

• ✅ 0 through 127

Explanation:
Class A addresses range from 0.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255, used for very large networks.

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Question 5

What does ARP stand for?

• ❌ Aggressive Resource Protection

• ❌ Augmented Resolution Picture

• ✅ Address Resolution Protocol

• ❌ Anonymous Resource Protocol

Explanation:
ARP is used to map IP addresses to MAC addresses in a local network.

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Question 6

What is one main reason CIDR is helpful in modern networking?

• ❌ Increases network security

• ❌ Simplifies MAC address assignment

• ✅ Allows for more arbitrary network sizes

• ❌ Lowers power usage

Explanation:
CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) allows flexible subnetting — not limited by class A/B/C boundaries.

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Question 7

A router is performing basic routing functions. What is the third step in the transmission of a packet?

• ❌ A router receives a packet of data.

• ❌ The router forwards the packet.

• ✅ The router examines the destination IP.

• ❌ The router looks up the destination network in its routing table.

Explanation:
Router steps:
1️⃣ Receive packet →
2️⃣ Check header →
3️⃣ Examine destination IP →
4️⃣ Lookup routing table →
5️⃣ Forward packet.

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Question 8

Which of the following are a type of interior gateway protocol? (Choose all that apply)

• ❌ TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol)

• ✅ Distance-vector protocols

• ❌ RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol)

• ✅ Link state routing protocols

Explanation:
Two main Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs) are:

• Distance-vector (e.g., RIP)

• Link-state (e.g., OSPF)

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Question 9

What organization helps manage IP address allocation and autonomous system number allocation?

• ❌ ICANN

• ❌ INNA

• ❌ IBM

• ✅ IANA

Explanation:
IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) manages global IP address blocks, AS numbers, and DNS root zones.

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Question 10

What does RFC stand for?

• ✅ Request For Comments

• ❌ Realtime Frame Check

• ❌ Routing Frequency Control

• ❌ Redundant Frame Controller

Explanation:
An RFC is a formal document published by the IETF describing standards and protocols for the Internet.

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🧭 Summary of Correct Answers

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✅ Final Summary: